Subacuatic Medicine

Underwater medicine focuses on the particularities of human physiology when underwater. This specialty considers the effects of pressure, dissolved gas in the body, and other environmental factors on health. It is crucial to ensure the safety and well-being of divers, as well as to treat diving-related illnesses and injuries.

Treated Conditions

Ear Barotrauma:

Description: Injury caused by water pressure that affects the middle and inner ear.
Symptoms: Ear pain, hearing loss, sensation of clogged ear, vertigo.
Treatments: Equalization maneuvers, medications to reduce inflammation, in severe cases, surgery.

Paranasal Sinus Barotrauma:

Description: Injury to the paranasal sinuses caused by pressure changes.
Symptoms: Facial pain, nasal congestion, nosebleeds.
Treatments: Decongestants, analgesics, in severe cases, surgery.

Decompression Illness (DCS):

Description: Condition caused by the formation of gas bubbles in the body due to rapid decompression.
Symptoms: Joint pain, dizziness, difficulty breathing, extreme fatigue.
Treatments: Oxygen therapy, recompression in a hyperbaric chamber, hydration and medical observation.

Alternobaric Vertigo:

Description: Feeling of dizziness caused by unequal pressure in the ears during ascent or descent.
Symptoms: Dizziness, nausea, disorientation.
Treatments: Equalization maneuvers, rest, in severe cases, medical intervention.

Otitis Externa in Diver (Swimmer’s Ear):

Description: Infection of the external auditory canal, common in divers.
Symptoms: Ear pain, redness, discharge, itching.
Treatments: Topical antibiotics, avoid water entering the ear, keep ears dry.

Exostosis of the External Auditory Canal:

Description: Bone growth in the ear canal due to repeated exposure to cold water.
Symptoms: Clogged ear sensation, recurrent infections.
Treatments: Surgery to remove bone growth in severe cases, prevention through the use of earplugs.

The Evaluation and Diagnosis Process

Initial Consultation: Dr. Pareja performs a complete evaluation of the patient’s medical history and her underwater activities. Symptoms and any problems related to diving are discussed.
Physical Examination: A detailed physical examination is performed, focusing on the ears, nose and throat, as well as respiratory and circulatory function.
Additional Tests: Depending on symptoms, additional tests such as audiometry, imaging studies, pulmonary function tests, or an evaluation in a hyperbaric chamber may be recommended.
Diagnosis: Based on the results of the evaluation and testing, Dr. Pareja diagnoses the specific condition and develops a personalized treatment plan.

Treatment Options

Medical Therapies:

Medications: Antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, decongestants and other medications depending on the condition.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Used to treat decompression illness and other pressure-related conditions.

Equalization Maneuvers and Preventive Techniques:

Instruction in Equalization Techniques: Teaching methods to equalize the pressure in the ears and sinuses during diving.
Prevention of Otitis Externa: Tips on how to keep ears dry and clean to prevent infections.

Surgical interventions:

Ear and Paranasal Sinus Surgery: To treat severe conditions of barotrauma or exostosis.
Correction of Structural Problems: Surgery to correct problems that predispose to infections or equalization difficulties.

Benefits of Underwater Medicine

Diving Safety: Evaluations and treatments that ensure the health and safety of divers.
Improved Hearing and Respiratory Health: Treatment of problems that affect the ears, nose and throat during underwater activities.
Prevention of Complications: Tips and preventive treatments to avoid problems related to pressure and diving.
Personalized Care: Individualized treatment plans that consider the specific needs of each diver.

Ideal Candidates for Underwater Medicine Underwater medicine is suitable for anyone who practices diving or underwater activities and has ear, nose, throat problems or breathing difficulties. It is especially beneficial for those who suffer from barotrauma, recurrent ear infections, vertigo, or any other pressure-related disorder.